Steel manhole steps must be manufactured from high-strength materials, typically carbon steel or ductile iron, and must be encapsulated in a protective layer. The most common standard is EN 13101, which specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, and testing. For corrosion resistance, steps should be polypropylene (PP) encapsulated or hot-dip galvanized. PP-encapsulated steps are preferred in sewage environments because the plastic coating provides an acid and alkali resistant barrier, preventing the internal steel from rusting and ensuring a service life of over 30 years.